Studies
Careful examinations of the teachings of Jesus, the Greek texts, and the ideas built around them.
Search
Search the full study library by word, topic, type, or Scripture reference.
Search results
Featured studies
A starting point for exploring the library.
All studies
Newest studies first.
Against the Rock: Why Matthew 16:18 Betrays the Jesus of the Gospels
A textual study of Matthew 16:18, Jesus's critique of religious institutions, and Paul's role in building the early church.
Nobody Actually Rebelled: The Myth of the War in Heaven
A textual study of the origins of the war-in-heaven tradition, examining Isaiah, Ezekiel, Revelation, and 1 Enoch.
Why Is God a Jealous and Vengeful God?
A comparative study of Jewish, Christian, Marcionite, and Gnostic readings of God's jealousy, vengeance, and covenantal claim.
Hell Is A Cage With No Lock: A Response to the "Hell Is a Choice" Argument
A textual study of Frank Turek's "hell is a choice" argument, comparing its free-will analogy with Jesus's descriptions of judgment and exclusion.
Three Realms: Rethinking Heaven, Earth, and Hell
A comparative study of Christian, Jewish, and cross-cultural afterlife frameworks, and an alternative model of judgment, reincarnation, and liberation.
Three Arguments About Biblical Authority: A Summary
A textual and methodological study of biblical authority, examining the meaning of "word of God," claims of inspiration and inerrancy, and the Bible's multivocal interpretation.
God Is Against Slavery — For His People. Not For Everyone Else.
A textual study of the Torah's slavery laws, examining how Israel's liberation from Egypt differs from the laws governing Israelite and foreign slaves.
The Question from Prison: What John the Baptist's Doubt Reveals
A textual study of John's question from prison, Jesus's indirect answer, and the Jewish messianic expectations that remained visibly unfulfilled.
Sin Is Not a Ledger With God
A textual and theological study comparing Christian and Jewish understandings of sin, restitution, repentance, and the consequences of harm.
"Fulfilled" Does Not Mean "Finished": Why the Covenant and the Law Still Stand
A textual study of the Christian claim that Jesus made the covenant and Law obsolete, examined through Hebrew vocabulary, the Tanakh, and the Jewish messianic role.
The New Covenant of Jeremiah 31: Why It Was Never Made With the Church
A textual study of Jeremiah 31's new covenant, its named recipients and conditions, and the Christian reinterpretation that applies it to the Church.
Was Jesus's Sacrifice Real? Examining the "Bad Weekend" Objection
A textual and theological examination of whether Jesus's temporary death satisfies the logic of permanent substitutionary sacrifice.
The Knife in Your Back: Examining Ray Comfort's Method
A textual and theological analysis of Ray Comfort's evangelistic method, the tension between faith alone and changed behavior, and Jesus's standard of judgment in Matthew 25.
Take Up Your Cross: Sacrifice, Curse, and the Meaning of Following Jesus in First-Century Judea
A textual and historical study of Jesus's command to take up the cross, examining its Roman execution context and its connection to the Deuteronomic curse.
Did Jesus Need to Be Baptised?: What Really Happened at the Jordan
A textual and historical examination of Jesus's baptism as anointing, the orthodox two-natures response, and the shift from ordinary life to ministry.
Paul Reinterpreted the Torah to Create Christianity
A preface to a text-against-text study of Paul's reworking of the Tanakh and the covenant he claimed to inherit.
Creation Within Chaos: Genesis 1, Jewish Exegesis, and the Gnostic Parallel
A comparative textual study of Genesis 1, Jewish exegesis, and Gnostic cosmology's shared picture of order formed from pre-existing chaos.
God Created The World As Intended: Why "The Fall" Doesn't Hold Up
A textual study of Genesis, the doctrine of the Fall, and the argument that creation was made exactly as intended, including predation, disease, and natural disaster.
Yahweh and the Hatred of Man: Reading the Texts Without Apologetics
A comparative study of Genesis, Reformed theology, and Nag Hammadi texts arguing that Yahweh's regret, jealousy, and hostility toward humanity describe a lower creator distinct from the Monad.
The Trinity Is Doctrine, Not Text
A textual and historical examination of the claim that Jesus is co-equal with the Father, drawing on Gospel texts and pre-Nicene Christian writers.